Mixed neighbourhoods matter. Without them:
- Neighbourhoods become increasingly segregated in multiple ways: income, education, race.
- Some neighbourhoods and residents then live in concentrated disadvantage.
- Neighbourhoods with less resources have lower levels of resiliency and are less able to weather negative changes.
- Negative effects are felt more strongly by less mobile residents, those that are more vulnerable: seniors, children / parents, low-income, and recent immigrants.
- Social problems which cluster together multiply, creating “hot spots” of social disorder, which then, in turn, spill into other neighbourhoods.
Racial divisions tracking income polarization
Ethnic Enclaves in Toronto, 2001 — 2006
Belonging Community 
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